Ok let me see if I can explain this

The only way to "get" it is to do really.
When you open a photo in a software program, the camera dictates at what resolution it opens - for eg My mothers 5MP Olympus photos always open at 72DPI for me, while my 8MP Nikon always open at 300 it sounds like your camera sets the default to 180. The pixel size of the image not the resolution is the measurement that is important
To ensure a quality print you need to maually change the resolution to the print standard of 300ppi - this should not affect the pixel size measurements but will affect the physical size of the image. 300ppi literally means for each square inch of the image there are 300pixels. If you change the amount of pixels per inch, say to 72ppi your image size will get larger but its quality will decrease, because there is less information per square inch of the image.
If you want to simplify the whole mess then just know that to find out what the maximum print size of an image is at 300ppi you divide the pixel height and then pixel width by 300.
2400px ÷ 300 ppi = 8”
3000px ÷ 300 ppi = 10”
To make a photo with a pixel measurement of say 1200 x 1500 which at 300ppi would measure 4x5 inches into a 8x10 your resolution would be halved - 150ppi so the final print quality would be less.
Do this along with me

Open a photo and make 3 duplicates - close the original
Create a blank 12x12 canvas at 300ppi
Drag one photo onto it
Select the second photo
Go to Format> Image Size
The image size should read as following, based on the numbers you gave me
Size: 17.07 by 12.80 inches
Pixel: 3072 by 2304 px
Resolution 180 ppi
Now click on the pixel measurement lock button and change the Resolution to 300ppi
Your Image size should now read
10.24 x 7.68 inches - this is the maximum size you can print the image and still retain a 300ppi print
Pixels should stay the same
Resolution is 300ppi
Click Done and the drag this photo onto your canvas - see? same size
Choose another duplicate go to Format> Image Size
Lock the pixel size and change the resolution to 72ppi
You will notice the physical size changes to 42.67 x 32 inches
Select Done
Now drag that image onto the 12x12 canvas - see? It shows up at the exact same size of the other two photo's
Does that help you understand how it works?
Its one of those concepts you sort of get by osmosis but take a look here
http://scrapbook-bytes.com/cgi-scrip...icle_285.shtml as well